An ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia was caused by a novel coronavirus in China in 2019. By March 19, over 200 thousand confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and over 9000 deaths have been reported throughout the world. For this infectious disease, nucleic acid detection is still the gold standard for pathogenic detection. However, nucleic acid detection takes a long time and has relatively high “false negative”; therefore,Bio Med Frontiers we need urgently a convenient and accurate detection method to make up for this deficiency. In this article, we will show such technical characteristics of lgM/lgG serum antibody detection, compared with nucleic acid detection.
Flavanol-Rich Cocoa Powder Interacts with Lactobacillus rhamnossus LGG to Alter the Antibody Response to Infection with the Parasitic Nematode Ascaris suum.
Consumption of the probiotic bacteria LactobacillusrhamnosusLGG and flavanol-rich cocoa have purported immune modulating effects. This study compared the host response to infection with Ascaris suum in three-month-old pigs fed a standard growth diet supplemented with a vehicle control: LGG, cocoa powder (CP) or LGG + CP. Pigs were inoculated with infective A. suum eggs during Week 5 of dietary treatment and euthanized 17 days later. Lactobacillus abundance was increased in pigs fed LGG or LGG + CP. Specific anti-A. suum IgG2 antibodies were decreased (p < 0.05) in LGG + CP-fed pigs compared to pigs fed CP alone.
- Pigs fed LGG had significantly reduced expression (p < 0.05) of Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), Interleukin 13 (IL-13), Eotaxin 3 (CCL26), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and TLR9 and Interleukin-1Beta (IL1B) in the tracheal-bronchial lymph node (TBLN) independent of CP treatment.
- These results suggested that feeding LGG significantly reduced the localized prototypical Th2-related markers of infection with A. suum in the TBLN.
- Although feeding CP does not appear to affect the A. suum-induced Th2-associated cytokine response, feeding LGG + CP reduced anti-A. suum antibodies and delayed intestinal expulsion of parasitic larvae from the intestine.
Analysis of the relations between allergen specific LgG antibody and allergic dermatosis of 14 kinds foods.
To use food-specific IgG antibody detection to explore its application in the allergy dermatoses. 181 patients were included from January 2014 to September 2014. Fourteen food-specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The positive rates of IgG antibody of the patient group and the healthy group were significantly different. The positive rates of IgG antibody of egg, milk, shrimp and crab took a large proportion in three groups of patients with three kinds of allergy dermatoses of urticaria, eczema and allergic dermatitis, the proportion of which was respectively 70.2%, 77.8% and 71.7%.
There was mild and moderate intolerance of food in the allergic dermatitis group while there was no distribution difference of food intolerance in urticaria group and eczema group. Among urticaria and allergic dermatitis patients with positive antibodies Learn More, the positive rate of children was significantly higher than that of adults while there was no significant difference between children and adults among eczema patients with positive antibody. Allergy dermatoses are closely related to food-specific IgG antibody and the allergy dermatoses patients have a high incidence rate of food intolerance; detecting IgG antibody in patients is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of allergy dermatoses.
Qualification and performance characteristics of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human lgG antibodies to anthrax lethal factor antigen.
The contribution of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor (LF)-specific immune responses to protection against anthrax disease in humans remains incompletely defined due, in part, to a paucity of qualified reagents and a lack of standardized serological assays. Toward this end, we have identified and characterized suitable positive quality control and standard reference sera and developed, optimized, and qualified an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure LF-binding IgG. Herein we describe the performance characteristics of this ELISA and propose criteria for its use in the detection and quantification of anti-LF IgG in human serum.
Enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of low-avid lgG antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (“CMV-diagnost”)
The new Russian enzyme immunoassay system “CMV-Diagnost” based on the detection of low-avid IgG antibodies has been developed for the rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. The system was found not only to determine the strained immunity in response to cytomegalovirus, but also to judge the current infection from the avidity index of detectable IgG antibodies with a high degree of validity.
The antibody avidity index of less than 30% suggests an acute stage of primary cytomegalovirus infection. The minimum antibody threshold bodies (deltaOD has been established for the correct interpretation of data on low-avid antibodies. deltaOD of>> or =0.6 optic units was for the developed test system “CMV-Diagnost. A correlation was found between the serum levels of low-avid antibodies and IgM antibodies to cytomegalovirus at the acute stage of the disease.
Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic myocarditis
Eosinophilic myocarditis is a type of inflammatory cardiomyopathy characterized by eosinophilic infiltration into myocardial tissue. The accurate myocarditis incidence rate is difficult to determine because of the clinical limitations of an endomyocardial biopsy. The primary pathogenesis of eosinophilic myocarditis is the release of related substances by eosinophils, leading to cell membrane damage and cell destruction. However, evidence suggests that specific genes play a role in myocarditis development.As CMR imaging availability increases, the diagnosis rate of eosinophilic myocarditis will increase.
The diagnosis of myocarditis mainly depends on an endocardial biopsy. Glucocorticoids can relieve patients’ symptoms, but the early use of steroids may prevent intermediate disease stage development (i.e., thrombonecrosis and fibrosis with wall thrombosis). Anticoagulant therapy may also affect disease development. In addition to routine follow-up, a regular myocardial biopsy should be considered for discharged patients, if possible.
ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; CEL, chronic eosinophilic leukemia.; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; Cardiac magnetic resonance; EAM, experimental autoimmune myocarditis; ECG, electrocardiogram; ECP, eosinophilic cationic protein; EGE, early gadolinium enhancement, LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; EGPA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; Endomyocardial biopsy; Eosinophilic myocarditis; FIP1L1-PDGFRA, FIP1-like1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor α; Glucocorticoids; HES, hypereosinophilic syndrome; IFNγ, interferon gamma.
Acute myocarditis with autoimmune features: one-year follow-up with CMR
In this prospective study on patients with acute myocarditis (AM), we aimed to describe the new concept of AMAF (AM with autoimmune features) similar to the previously described interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). IPAF has recently emerged as a new entity, and IPAF patients appear to have fewer episodes of exacerbation and better survival than patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Consecutive patients with infarct-like CMR-confirmed AM were classified AMAF if their serologic status measured from blood sampled at presentation was positive (antinuclear antibodies (ANA) ≥ 1:320), but without meeting established classification criteria for connective tissue disease (CTD).
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The myocardial tissue abnormalities and their progression were assessed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) within 7 days following symptom onset and at 1 year according to their seropositivity. Among the 64 AM patients included, seven presented AMAF (11%). At baseline CMR, patients with AMAF had half as much late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as seronegative AM patients (4.41% (1.47-4.41) of myocardial volume versus 8.82% (5.88-14.71), p = 0.01, respectively).
At 1-year of follow-up, persistent myocardial scarring was less frequent in AMAF patients (n = 2 (28.6%) than seronegative AM patients (n = 38 (66.7%) (p = 0.021). AMAF, diagnosed as seropositive AM without a specific autoimmune disease, is not rare and is associated with less extensive LGE in the acute phase. In addition, AMAF patients had more favorable outcomes on 12-month CMR. Prospective studies are needed to address the clinical significance of this new concept and its long-term cardiovascular impact.